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         三相干式(shi)變壓器(qi)是各種(zhong)電源及電氣設備的主要部件。是利用電磁感應的原理(li)來改變交流(liu)電壓的裝置，主要構件是初級線圈、次(ci)級線圈和鐵心（磁芯(xin)）。

       三相(xiang)干式變壓(ya)器是(shi)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)部件(jian)(jian)(jian)。是(shi)利用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)感應的(de)(de)原理(li)來改變交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)裝置，主(zhu)要(yao)構件(jian)(jian)(jian)是(shi)初級(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)、次級(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)和鐵心（磁(ci)芯(xin)）。在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器設備和無線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)，常用(yong)(yong)作升降電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、匹配阻抗，安(an)全(quan)隔離等(deng)。在(zai)(zai)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機中(zhong)，不管是(shi)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)運動通(tong)(tong)過磁(ci)場(chang)或磁(ci)場(chang)運動通(tong)(tong)過固定線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)，均(jun)能在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢，此(ci)兩種情況，磁(ci)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)值均(jun)不變，但與(yu)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)相(xiang)交鏈的(de)(de)磁(ci)通(tong)(tong)數量卻有變動，這是(shi)互感應的(de)(de)原理(li)。變壓(ya)器就是(shi)一種利用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)互感應，變換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和阻抗的(de)(de)器件(jian)(jian)(jian)。

      電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)感(gan)應的(de)原理，利(li)用電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)互感(gan)應，變(bian)換電(dian)壓(ya)，電(dian)流和阻抗。

 一、重要(yao)組(zu)成部件(jian)      

1、鐵心材料：

變(bian)壓器(qi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)鐵心材料主要有鐵片(pian)(pian)、低(di)(di)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)片(pian)(pian)，高(gao)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)片(pian)(pian)，的(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)片(pian)(pian)中加入硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)能降低(di)(di)鋼(gang)片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)電(dian)性，增加電(dian)阻(zu)率，它(ta)可減少(shao)渦流(liu)，使(shi)(shi)其損耗(hao)減少(shao)。我(wo)們通(tong)(tong)常稱為(wei)加了(le)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)的(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)片(pian)(pian)為(wei)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)片(pian)(pian)，變(bian)壓器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)所用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)有很大的(de)(de)(de)關系，硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)通(tong)(tong)常用(yong)磁(ci)通(tong)(tong)密度(du)B來(lai)表示，一般(ban)黑(hei)鐵片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)B值為(wei)6000-8000、低(di)(di)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)片(pian)(pian)為(wei)9000-11000，高(gao)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)片(pian)(pian)為(wei)12000-16000。

2、繞制(zhi)變壓器(qi)通常用的材料(liao)有

漆包(bao)(bao)(bao)線(xian)，沙包(bao)(bao)(bao)線(xian)，絲包(bao)(bao)(bao)線(xian)，最常用的(de)漆包(bao)(bao)(bao)線(xian)。對于(yu)導線(xian)的(de)要求，是導電性能好，絕(jue)緣(yuan)漆層(ceng)有足夠耐熱性能，并且要有一定(ding)的(de)耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)能力。一般情況下最好用Q2型號的(de)高(gao)強度的(de)聚脂漆包(bao)(bao)(bao)線(xian)。

3、絕緣材料

在繞制(zhi)變壓(ya)器中，線圈框架層(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)(jian)的隔(ge)離、繞組間(jian)(jian)的隔(ge)離，均要使用(yong)絕緣材(cai)料(liao)，一般的變壓(ya)器框架材(cai)料(liao)可(ke)用(yong)酚醛紙板制(zhi)作(zuo)，層(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)(jian)可(ke)用(yong)聚(ju)脂薄膜(mo)或(huo)電話紙作(zuo)隔(ge)離，繞組間(jian)(jian)可(ke)用(yong)黃臘布作(zuo)隔(ge)離。

4、浸漬材料：

變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)繞制好(hao)后(hou)，還要(yao)過最后(hou)一道工序(xu)，就是浸漬(zi)絕緣(yuan)漆，它能增強變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)機械強度、提(ti)高絕緣(yuan)性能、延長使用壽命(ming)，一般情況下，可采用甲酚清漆作(zuo)為浸漬(zi)材(cai)料