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一、電磁感應

    1、三(san)(san)相變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器�叺�(de)(de)工作原理(li)基于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁感(gan)應(ying)，通(tong)過不同的(de)(de)接法(fa)（如星(xing)形、三(san)(san)角形）使其輸(shu)入(ru)三(san)(san)相交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，其輸(shu)出亦(yi)如此。三(san)(san)相變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器由鐵芯(xin)（或(huo)磁芯(xin)）和(he)線圈(quan)(quan)組(zu)成，其中(zhong)線圈(quan)(quan)包括兩(liang)個(ge)或(huo)兩(liang)個(ge)以上(shang)的(de)(de)繞組(zu)，接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)繞組(zu)稱為(wei)初(chu)級線圈(quan)(quan)，其余的(de)(de)繞組(zu)稱為(wei)次(ci)級線圈(quan)(quan)。當(dang)初(chu)級線圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)通(tong)有交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時，鐵芯(xin)（或(huo)磁芯(xin)）中(zhong)便產生交(jiao)流(liu)磁通(tong)，使次(ci)級線圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)感(gan)應(ying)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)（或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)），從而實(shi)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)阻抗的(de)(de)變換(huan)。

       三(san)(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器是(shi)3個相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同的(de)容量(liang)單相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)組(zu)合，擁(yong)有三(san)(san)(san)個鐵芯柱。三(san)(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)產生(sheng)幅值相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)、頻率(lv)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)、相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位互差120°電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢的(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，稱為(wei)三(san)(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。以三(san)(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機作為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，稱為(wei)三(san)(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源；以三(san)(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，稱為(wei)三(san)(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。U、V、W稱為(wei)三(san)(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)與相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)380V。相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)與中心(xin)線(xian)之間稱為(wei)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)220V。

三相干式(shi)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)是各(ge)種電(dian)源及電(dian)氣(qi)設備的(de)主要(yao)(yao)部(bu)件，利用電(dian)磁感應(ying)的(de)原理來改變交流電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)裝(zhuang)置。主要(yao)(yao)構件包括初級(ji)線(xian)圈、次級(ji)線(xian)圈和鐵(tie)心（磁芯）。在電(dian)器(qi)設備和無線(xian)電(dian)路中，常用作升降電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、匹(pi)配阻抗(kang)、安全隔離等。變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)就是一種利用電(dian)磁互感應(ying)，變換(huan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、電(dian)流和阻抗(kang)的(de)器(qi)件。

    2、變(bian)壓器的(de)工(gong)作原(yuan)理不(bu)(bu)僅限于三(san)相變(bian)壓器，還包括了電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)感應的(de)原(yuan)理，即(ji)當交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)壓加到(dao)一次側(ce)繞組(zu)后，交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)流流入該繞組(zu)就產生勵磁(ci)作用，在鐵芯中產生交(jiao)變(bian)的(de)磁(ci)通(tong)(tong)。這(zhe)個交(jiao)變(bian)磁(ci)通(tong)(tong)不(bu)(bu)僅穿過一次側(ce)繞組(zu)，同(tong)時也(ye)穿過二次側(ce)繞組(zu)，它分別在兩個繞組(zu)中引起感應電(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)。如(ru)果二次側(ce)與外電(dian)(dian)路的(de)負載接通(tong)(tong)，便有(you)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)流流出，于是(shi)輸出電(dian)(dian)能.